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Comparative negligence
The degree to which a person contributed to his/her own injury, damage or death. Usually measured in terms of percentage. Contributory negligence is the failure to exercise care by a plaintiff, which contributed to the plaintiff's injury.
Calendar
A court's list of cases for arraignment, hearing, trial or arguments.
Appeal
The bringing of a case to a higher court for review of a lower court's order or judgment.
Parole
A procedure in which a parole board releases a convict on good behavior before the maximum sentence expires.
Habeas corpus
Latin phrase meaning "you have the body"; a civil proceeding used to review the legality of a prisoner's confinement in criminal cases. Habeas corpus actions are commonly used as a means of reviewing state or federal criminal convictions. The petitioner alleges the convictions violated state or federal constitutional rights. State habeas proceedings start in state District Court; federal habeas proceedings start in federal District Court. Lower court decisions may be appealed to appellate courts.
Eminent domain
The power to take private property for public use by the state and municipalities.
Custody
The right to or responsibility for a child's care and control, carrying with it the duty of providing food, shelter, medical care, education and discipline.
Courts of record
Courts whose proceedings are permanently recorded, and which have the power to fine or imprison for contempt. In Utah, they include the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, district courts and juvenile courts. Courts not of record are those of lesser authority whose proceedings are not permanently recorded, i.e., the Justice Courts
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